Reaction types
Saturday, March 21, 2009 Labels: Reaction types 0 comments
The large diversity of chemical responses and approaches to their study results in the actuality of several concurring, frequently lapping, ways of classifying them. Below are exemplifications of extensively used terms for describing common kinds of responses. * Isomerisation, in which a chemical emulsion undergoes a structural rearrangement without any change in its net infinitesimal composition; see stereoisomerism * Direct combination or conflation, in which 2 or further chemical rudiments or composites unite to form a more complex product N2 3 H2 → 2 NH3 * Chemical corruption or analysis, in which a emulsion is perished into lower composites or rudiments 2 H2O → 2 H2 O2 * Single relegation or negotiation, characterized by an element being displaced out of a emulsion by a more reactive element 2 Na( s) 2 HCl( aq) → 2 NaCl( aq) H2( g) * Metathesis or Double relegation response, in which two composites exchange ions or bonds to form different composites NaCl( aq) AgNO3( aq) → NaNO3( aq) AgCl( s) * Acid- base responses, astronomically characterized as responses between an acid and a base, can have different delineations depending on the acid- base conception employed. Some of the most common are o Arrhenius description Acids disconnect in water releasing H3O ions; bases disconnect in water releasing OH- ions. o Brønsted- Lowry description Acids are proton( H) benefactors; bases are proton acceptors. Includes the Arrhenius description. o Lewis description Acids are electron- brace acceptors; bases are electron- brace benefactors. Includes the Brønsted- Lowry description. * Redox responses, in which changes in oxidation figures of tittles in involved species do. Those responses can frequently be interpreted as transferences of electrons between different molecular spots or species. An illustration of a redox response is 2 S2O32 −( aq) I2( aq) → S4O62 −( aq) 2 I −( aq) In which I2 is reduced to I- and S2O32-( thiosulfate anion) is oxidized to S4O62-. * Combustion, a kind of redox response in which any combustive substance combines with an oxidizing element, generally oxygen, to induce heat and form oxidized products. The term combustion is generally used for only large- scale oxidation of whole motes, i.e. a controlled oxidation of a single functional group isn't combustion. C10H8 12 O2 → 10 CO2 4 H2O CH2S 6 F2 → CF4 2 HF SF6 * Disproportionation with one reactant forming two distinct products varying in oxidation state. 2 Sn2 → Sn Sn4 Organic responses encompass a wide multifariousness of responses involving composites which have carbon as the main element in their molecular structure. The responses in which an organic emulsion may take part are largely defined by its functional groups.
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